摘要: 加拿大总理马克·卡尼周四在欧洲议会发表的演讲
Read Mark Carney’s full speech to the European Parliament
Below are Prime Minister Mark Carney’s remarks to the European Parliament on Thursday:
以下是加拿大总理马克·卡尼周四在欧洲议会发表的演讲全文：
(In French): Madam President Metsola, Madam President von der Leyen, honorable members of the European Parliament, distinguished colleagues.
（法语）：梅措拉议长、冯德莱恩主席、尊敬的欧洲议会议员们、各位尊贵的同仁：
Thank you for granting me the honour of addressing you at the start of this decisive session. Today, I will speak to you about how our response to the current geopolitical rupture should integrate a new dimension.
感谢各位给予我这一荣幸，让我能够在这一决定性会议开始之际向大家发表讲话。今天，我想谈谈，面对当前地缘政治格局的剧烈变化，我们的应对方式应当如何融入一个新的维度。
But first, I would like to mention something older. Something that dates back long before relations between the European Union and Canada. Because the depth of our bonds is not measured by trade, nor is it written in our treaties. Our bonds are deeply rooted in our lands.
但首先，我想谈一谈一段更加久远的历史，一段远在欧盟与加拿大建立关系之前就已经存在的历史。
因为，我们之间纽带的深度，并不能用贸易来衡量，也不仅仅写在我们的条约之中。我们的纽带，深深扎根于我们的土地。
In the heart of Germany, above Weimar, there is a wooded ridge called Ettersberg. And for decades, Goethe walked, thought and wrote there. An oak on that ridge came to bear his name, a living monument to the highest ideals of European culture. As the 20th century turned dark, that same oak became trapped behind the barbed wire of Buchenwald, a silent witness to humanity’s deepest moral failure.
在德国腹地、魏玛上方，有一座名叫埃特斯贝格（Ettersberg）的林木茂密的山脊。几十年来，歌德曾在那里漫步、思考和写作。山脊上的一棵橡树后来以他的名字命名，成为欧洲文化最高理想的一座活的纪念碑。然而，当20世纪逐渐陷入黑暗时，这棵橡树也被困在布痕瓦尔德集中营的铁丝网之后，成为人类最深重道德失败的无声见证者。
Goethe understood that ideals must be fought for, that values do not defend themselves. Indeed, at the end of Faust, the old man’s last vision is of a free people on free ground. Nur der verdient sich Freiheit wie das Leben, der täglich sie erobern muß. Freedom and life must be earned every single day.
歌德明白，理想必须为之奋斗，价值观不会自动保护自己。事实上，在《浮士德》的结尾，老人最后看到的，是自由的人生活在自由的土地上。
“Nur der verdient sich Freiheit wie das Leben, der täglich sie erobern muß.”
也就是说：“只有每天都去争取自由的人，才真正配得上自由，如同配得上生命一样。”自由与生命，都必须在每一天去争取。
Every day. Not once in 1945, or 1956, or 1989. Every day, including this one.
是每一天。不是只在1945年、1956年或者1989年争取一次，而是每一天，包括今天。
Freedom was won through the heroism of the European resistance during the war. It was cultivated by the founders of the European Coal and Steel Community in the aftermath of the war. It was fostered by the creation of the European Community. It was preserved by the establishment of the European Union. And it expanded thanks to its enlargement after the fall of the Berlin Wall.
自由，是通过战争期间欧洲抵抗运动的英勇斗争赢得的。战后，欧洲煤钢共同体的创建者们培育了自由。欧洲共同体的建立进一步推动了自由的发展。欧盟的成立使自由得到维护。而柏林墙倒塌之后，欧盟的不断扩大，又让自由的范围进一步延伸。
The values embodied by that Goethe oak have also endured, in part, because the ideals that flourish beneath its branches also crossed the Atlantic.
这棵歌德橡树所承载的价值观之所以能够延续至今，部分原因在于，在它枝叶下生长的那些理想，也跨越了大西洋。
In 1917, amidst the devastation of the Battle of Vimy Ridge, a young Canadian lieutenant named Leslie Miller gathered a handful of acorns from the shattered European landscape. He carried them home and planted them in Canadian soil near Milliken, Ontario, where they grew into a majestic forest. A century later, a profound circle of renewal was completed. Because grafts from Leslie Miller’s Canadian oaks were repatriated to France and re-planted on the same Vimy Ridge where they had been born.
1917年，在维米岭战役（Battle of Vimy Ridge）造成的满目疮痍之中，一位名叫莱斯利·米勒（Leslie Miller）的年轻加拿大中尉，从遭到战争摧残的欧洲土地上捡拾了一些橡树果实。
他把这些橡子带回加拿大，种植在安大略省米利肯（Milliken）附近的加拿大土地上，最终长成了一片壮观的橡树林。一个世纪之后，一个意义深远的生命循环完成了。因为莱斯利·米勒在加拿大种下的橡树，其枝条后来被嫁接并送回法国，重新栽种在它们最初诞生的地方——维米岭。
This is the essence of the Canada-European Union partnership. Seeds, values, ideas, trade, people and progress carried back and forth across the Atlantic for centuries.
这就是加拿大与欧盟伙伴关系的本质。几个世纪以来，种子、价值观、思想、贸易、人员和进步，不断跨越大西洋，在彼此之间往来。
We are not fair-weather allies. We do not pursue zero-sum deals. Our commitment to the rule of law, and our unyielding defence of human dignity, individual freedom and democracy share the same deep roots, the same unwavering dedication.
我们不是只在顺境中相互支持的盟友。我们不追求零和交易。我们对法治的承诺，以及对人的尊严、个人自由和民主坚定不移的捍卫，都拥有相同的深厚根基和同样坚定的信念。
We hold common values, for which we have always fought, and in whose defence we must always remain vigilant. We believe that a strong economy is not an end in itself but the means to a just society. We are committed stewards of our natural heritage. We believe that our prosperity grows when it’s shared. These values, this is a sharing of choice not coincidence.
我们拥有共同的价值观。我们一直为这些价值而奋斗，也必须始终保持警惕，捍卫这些价值。我们相信，强大的经济本身并不是最终目的，而是建设公平社会的手段。我们致力于守护我们的自然遗产。我们相信，当繁荣得到共享时，我们的繁荣才能不断增长。这些价值观，是我们的共同选择，而不是偶然的巧合。
In his writings, Goethe borrowed a word from the chemists of his day: wahlverwandtschaften, or the elective affinity of different elements that combine because of their inherent attraction. Canada and Europe are not bound by geography, even though our Danish friends know that we share a 3,000-kilometre border in the Arctic. We are bound by an affinity — elective, chosen and renewed, and stronger for being so.
在他的作品中，歌德借用了当时化学家使用的一个词：“Wahlverwandtschaften”，意指不同元素因为彼此内在的吸引力而结合在一起，也就是一种“选择性的亲和关系”。
加拿大与欧洲并不是因为地理位置而联系在一起——尽管我们的丹麦朋友知道，加拿大与丹麦在北极地区实际上拥有一条长达3000公里的共同边界。我们是因为一种亲和力而联系在一起的——这种关系是我们主动选择的，是我们共同选择并不断更新的，也正因为如此，它更加牢固。
Today, our societies are shaken by new storms: the upheavals linked to climate change, the erosion of democratic norms and the weaponization of trade. The multilateral institutions we relied on have been weakened.
今天，我们的社会正受到新的风暴冲击：气候变化带来的剧烈动荡、民主规范的不断削弱，以及贸易被武器化。我们过去所依赖的多边机构也已经受到削弱。
Sovereignty and openness are now difficult to reconcile. Economic integration is now used as a weapon, and tariffs as a means of leverage. Financial mechanisms are used for coercion. Supply chains constitute points of vulnerability to be exploited.
如今，主权与开放越来越难以兼顾。经济一体化正在被用作武器，关税被用作施加影响的手段。金融机制被用来进行胁迫。供应链则成为可以被利用的脆弱环节。
Technology is transforming the nature of war, the structure of economies and the ability of states to govern. Tech platforms aspire to sovereignty. They want to set the conditions of access. They want to dictate regulatory rules, and even bypass them. They want to control our data, spread disinformation and steal our children’s childhoods.
科技正在改变战争的性质、经济结构以及国家治理的能力。科技平台正在追求一种“主权”。它们希望制定人们进入其平台的条件，希望规定监管规则，甚至绕过这些规则。它们希望控制我们的数据，传播虚假信息，甚至夺走我们孩子的童年。
This combination is a ferocious storm. A single tree will come down in it. A forest will not. And that’s because beneath the forest floor, the roots of an oak intertwine with those of its neighbours, exchanging nutrients, adding strength to strength, creating a resilient, self-sustaining ecosystem.
这种种因素结合起来，就形成了一场猛烈的风暴。一棵树可能会在风暴中倒下，但一片森林不会。因为在森林地面之下，一棵橡树的根系与周围其他树木的根系相互交织，交换养分，让力量彼此叠加，形成一个具有韧性、能够自我维持的生态系统。
Together, Canada and the European Union can anchor our ground to hold our values while forming a protective canopy under which our citizens can thrive.
加拿大与欧盟携手，可以扎稳我们的根基，守护我们的共同价值观，同时形成一片保护性的树冠，让我们的人民能够在其庇护下繁荣发展。
This is about sovereignty. Our ability to live as we wish. It is about the freedoms we must fight for, every day.
这关乎主权。关乎我们按照自己的意愿生活的能力。也关乎那些我们必须每天为之奋斗的自由。
Because sovereignty requires resilience — the ability to withstand shocks. Sovereignty today goes beyond being able to feed, fuel and defend ourselves. It now requires secure access to AI, semiconductors, critical minerals, payment systems, clean energy technologies, vaccines and space-based communications.
因为主权需要韧性——也就是承受冲击的能力。今天的主权已经不仅仅意味着能够保障我们的粮食、能源供应以及自我防卫能力。它现在还要求我们能够安全获得人工智能、半导体、关键矿产、支付系统、清洁能源技术、疫苗以及基于太空的通信等战略资源和能力。
And we all have important gaps in these strategic capabilities, and we each rely on individual nations or individual companies to fill them. And that creates vulnerabilities, particularly when supposedly global companies prove national in the breach.
在这些战略能力方面，我们所有国家都存在重要缺口，而我们又分别依赖某些国家或某些企业来填补这些缺口。这就形成了脆弱性。尤其是当那些被认为是“全球性”的企业，在关键时刻却表现出明显的国家属性时，这种脆弱性就更加突出。
Closing these gaps is not possible alone, but it is very achievable collectively. Canada and Europe are each strong. Europe and Canada are stronger together.
单独一个国家无法填补这些缺口，但通过集体合作，我们完全有能力做到。加拿大和欧洲各自都很强大。而欧洲与加拿大携手，将更加强大。
The institutions we’ve inherited are organized by geography. The strategic capabilities that we need are organized by function. We can ally by function, if we are bold and deliberate. And we shouldn’t be cowed by the perceived scale of the task.
我们继承下来的机构和体系，是按照地理区域组织起来的。而我们今天所需要的战略能力，则是按照功能组织起来的。如果我们足够大胆，并且有明确而有计划地采取行动，我们就可以围绕具体功能建立联盟。我们不应该因为任务看起来规模巨大，就因此畏缩不前。
Just as dominance is the arrogance of the hegemon, perfection is the enemy of the good. The economics of this are clear: the leverage of the powerful in an exploitive relationship collapses well before complete independence is achieved. Because diversity confers advantage. The objective is not self-sufficiency. It is collective resilience.
正如支配他人是霸权国家的傲慢一样，追求完美也可能成为实现良好目标的障碍。其中的经济逻辑非常清楚：在一种具有剥削性的关系中，强者所拥有的优势，往往会在实现完全独立之前就开始瓦解。因为多样性本身就是一种优势。我们的目标不是自给自足，而是集体韧性。
And it’s this mutual advantage that’s at the core of the case for a deeper partnership between Canada and Europe. Europe brings so many things. Market power. Research depth. Advanced manufacturing. The ability and the will to set standards that the world frequently adopts. A defence industrial base that’s being rebuilt at speed.
正是这种相互受益的关系，构成了加拿大与欧洲深化伙伴关系的核心理由。欧洲拥有许多优势：强大的市场力量；深厚的科研实力；先进制造能力；制定全球经常采用的标准的能力与意愿；以及正在快速重建的国防工业基础。
Canada brings energy at huge scale and in every form that the transition requires. One of the world’s largest endowments of critical minerals. Deep capabilities in space, AI and quantum. Amongst the strongest banking systems in the world, and the most expert pension capital.
加拿大能够提供大规模能源，而且涵盖能源转型所需要的各种形式。加拿大拥有世界上最丰富的关键矿产资源之一。我们在太空、人工智能和量子技术领域拥有深厚实力。加拿大拥有世界上最强大的银行体系之一，以及全球最专业的养老金资本。
We have unique Arctic geography, and privileged access to both Atlantic and Pacific networks. And where our strengths differ, they complement. Where they overlap, they create scale. We should build on each other’s strengths – deliberately, systematically, and rapidly.
我们拥有独特的北极地理位置，同时能够便利地连接大西洋和太平洋网络。我们的优势不同之处，可以形成互补；优势重叠之处，则能够形成规模效应。我们应该有意识地、系统性地、快速地建立在彼此的优势之上。
We’ve already begun, and I thank this Parliament, with CETA, one of the world’s most successful trade agreements. And I thank President von der Leyen and President Costa for our strategic partnership agreement struck last June. We’re developing that and deepening it.
我们已经开始这样做了。我要感谢欧洲议会支持《加拿大—欧盟全面经济与贸易协定》（CETA），这是世界上最成功的贸易协定之一。我也感谢冯德莱恩主席和科斯塔主席，感谢我们去年6月达成的战略伙伴关系协议。我们正在进一步发展并深化这一伙伴关系。
We’ve also begun to take advantage of Canada’s role as the first non-European member of SAFE. But we should recognize the ecosystem we’ve built is not yet equal to the ferocity of the changing climate. Nor is it moving fast enough to match the speed of the upheaval.
我们也已经开始利用加拿大作为SAFE首个非欧洲成员国这一身份所带来的机会。但我们必须认识到，我们已经建立起来的这一合作生态体系，还不足以应对不断变化的国际环境所带来的猛烈冲击。它的行动速度，也还跟不上当前动荡变化的速度。
Yesterday, President von der Leyen spoke of moving beyond CETA to an alliance for the future — opening the door to Canada to become the European Union’s first associate member. Canada welcomes this ambition, and I will tell polling shows that an overwhelming majority of Canadians support much closer ties with Europe.
昨天，冯德莱恩主席谈到了超越CETA、建立“面向未来的联盟”，并为加拿大成为欧盟首个**准成员（associate member）**打开大门。加拿大欢迎这一雄心。我要告诉大家，民调显示，绝大多数加拿大人支持与欧洲建立更加紧密的关系。
An alliance for the future is a unique, positive approach that we will define together, building on our common strengths and based on shared values.
面向未来的联盟是一种独特而积极的方式。我们将共同定义这一联盟，在共同价值观的基础上，充分发挥双方共同的优势。
But let me take this opportunity to say plainly what Canada proposes. Canada and Europe should secure our strategic autonomy through deep co-operation in the full range of strategic capabilities, including critical minerals, defence industrial capacity, AI and compute, energy security, space and payments.
但我要借此机会明确说明加拿大提出的方案。加拿大和欧洲应该在完整的战略能力领域展开深入合作，从而确保我们的战略自主权。这些领域包括关键矿产、国防工业能力、人工智能与计算能力、能源安全、太空以及支付体系等。
We should move towards seamless, digital trade in non-agricultural goods and a wide range of services. We should deepen our people-to-people ties, allowing our youth to live, work and study where they want on either side of the Atlantic.
我们应该推动非农产品和广泛服务领域实现更加无缝的数字贸易。我们还应该进一步加强人与人之间的联系，让我们的年轻人能够在大西洋两岸选择自己希望生活、工作和学习的地方。
Canadian membership of Erasmus+ would give your students and ours more opportunity to learn at some of the world’s top universities, to broaden their horizons and to build those lasting ties that will sustain our alliance for the future.
如果加拿大加入Erasmus+项目，将为欧洲和加拿大的学生提供更多机会，在世界顶尖大学学习，开阔视野，并建立持久的人际纽带，为我们未来的联盟关系提供长期支撑。
Canadian membership of the next generation of Horizon would allow us to pool resources, co-operate on frontier technologies and leverage our world-class research institutes and universities.
如果加拿大加入下一代“地平线”（Horizon）科研计划，我们就能够汇集双方资源，在前沿技术领域开展合作，并充分利用加拿大和欧洲世界一流的科研机构和大学。
Yesterday, President von der Leyen announced and I quote, a “new European corporation on critical raw materials” to obtain and stockpile “the material needed for electric cars, chips and batteries, clean tech and defence.”
昨天，冯德莱恩主席宣布——我引用她的话——成立一个“新的欧洲关键原材料公司”，以获取并储备“电动汽车、芯片和电池、清洁技术以及国防所需要的材料”。
I’ll observe that Canada has deposits of over 34 critical minerals, and we are among the top producers of the 10 most essential for the energy transition.
我要指出的是，加拿大拥有超过34种关键矿产资源，而且在能源转型所需的10种最重要关键矿产中，加拿大都是主要生产国之一。
Our alliance can help fill Europe’s need for reliable supply, Canada’s desire for advanced processing capabilities, and our common objective to complete value chains in the transition and our defence.
我们的联盟可以帮助满足欧洲对可靠供应的需求，也可以满足加拿大发展先进加工能力的需求，同时实现我们在能源转型和国防领域完善完整价值链的共同目标。
Canada can contribute LNG and hydrogen at large scale to support Europe’s energy security including by developing and leveraging new port infrastructure in the High North and on our East Coast. And Canada, in turn, can benefit from your leadership in many clean energy technologies.
加拿大可以大规模提供液化天然气（LNG）和氢能，以支持欧洲的能源安全。其中包括开发和利用加拿大北部以及东海岸新的港口基础设施。与此同时，加拿大也可以从欧洲在众多清洁能源技术领域的领先地位中受益。
We can pool new sovereign compute capacity and build more secure broadband connections between Europe and Asia via our common geography.
我们可以共同建设新的主权计算能力，并利用我们共同的地理优势，在欧洲与亚洲之间建立更加安全的宽带连接。
Canada and Europe can join forces to develop AI safety protocols, co-ordinate common standards and strengthen transparency, all while developing applications so our governments and companies can serve out citizens better.
加拿大与欧洲可以携手制定人工智能安全协议，协调共同标准并加强透明度。与此同时，我们还可以共同开发人工智能应用，让我们的政府和企业能够更好地服务民众。
Canada and Europe should consider exploring creating an integrated market for financial services to broaden choice and reduce costs for our citizens, to improve access to capital for our companies while maintaining our world-leading financial resilience.
加拿大与欧洲应该考虑探索建立一个一体化的金融服务市场，从而为我们的民众提供更多选择、降低成本，同时改善企业获得资本的渠道，并继续保持我们世界领先的金融韧性。
These are some of the opportunities, but the fundamental point is the opportunities that can be created by an alliance for the future are the product of our values are common, our compatible systems, our complementary strengths.
这些只是其中一部分机会。但最根本的一点是，“面向未来的联盟”能够创造出的机遇，源自我们的共同价值观、相互兼容的制度以及彼此互补的优势。
Deepening and widening our relationship will strengthen our sovereignty, improve affordability, opportunity and security for Canadian and European citizens, while safeguarding our ability to live our lives as we choose.
深化和扩大我们的关系，将加强我们的主权，为加拿大和欧洲民众带来更好的可负担性、更多机会和更高的安全保障，同时维护我们按照自己的意愿生活的能力。
I also want to be precise about what I am not proposing. I am not proposing a third bloc in order to become a great-power rival — only with better manners.
我也希望明确说明，我没有提出什么。我不是要建立一个第三集团，让它成为一个大国竞争者——只是一个“礼貌一些”的大国竞争者。
We do not seek power to dominate others. On the contrary, we are pursuing resilience so no one, no one can control our open markets, impair our sovereignty, threaten our territorial integrity or undermine our freedoms, our democracies, our rule of law.
我们追求力量，并不是为了支配其他国家。恰恰相反，我们追求的是韧性，以确保没有任何人、没有任何国家能够控制我们的开放市场，损害我们的主权，威胁我们的领土完整，或者削弱我们的自由、民主和法治。
It’s these motivations, these fundamental motivations, combined with our latent hard power, mean that we can help to create the next just, stable and prosperous world order.
正是这些动机，这些根本性的动机，再加上我们所拥有的潜在硬实力，使我们能够共同帮助建立一个更加公平、稳定和繁荣的世界秩序。
A Canada-EU alliance would create a beacon for other democracies. An alliance not defined by what we oppose, but about what we are for: freedom, solidarity, prosperity, sustainability.
加拿大与欧盟的联盟，将成为其他民主国家的一座灯塔。这是一个不以“反对什么”为定义的联盟，而是以“我们支持什么”为基础：
自由、团结、繁荣与可持续发展。
An alliance that builds resilience for what it allows us to do for our citizens, and our citizens to do for themselves.
这是一个通过增强韧性，让我们能够为自己的民众做更多事情，也让我们的民众能够为自己做更多事情的联盟。
An alliance strong enough so that no one can dictate our choices. An alliance open enough that others can join. An alliance principled enough that our strength reinforces international law rather than seeks to replace it.
这是一个足够强大的联盟，因此没有任何人能够替我们做出选择。这是一个足够开放的联盟，因此其他国家也能够加入。这是一个拥有足够原则性的联盟，因此我们的力量将强化国际法，而不是试图取代国际法。
And to conclude, in my country it’s often said that Canada became a nation during that Battle of Vimy Ridge. And certainly, the thousands of Canadians who didn’t return from that battle sacrificed their lives for something much bigger than themselves.
最后，在加拿大，人们经常说，加拿大正是在那场维米岭战役中成为一个真正的国家。毫无疑问，那场战役中数千名没有返回祖国的加拿大人，为远远超越自身的事业献出了生命。
One who did come home stopped first to pick up some acorns. And today, the same Vimy oaks grow in Canada as in France, living proof that what we cultivate together can survive the darkest winter to thrive again.
而有一位最终回到加拿大的人，在回国之前停下脚步，捡起了一些橡子。今天，同样的维米橡树既生长在加拿大，也生长在法国。它们是一个鲜活的证明：我们共同培育的东西，即使经历最黑暗的寒冬，也能够生存下来，并再次繁荣。
So let us now deepen those roots, widen this canopy and grow a transatlantic forest under which our citizens can flourish as free people on free ground every single day.
所以，让我们现在进一步扎深这些根系，扩大这片树冠，在大西洋两岸共同培育一片森林。让我们的人民能够在这片森林之下，作为自由的人，生活在自由的土地上——每一天。
Thank you very much. Merci beaucoup.
非常感谢大家。
谢谢。
注：中文由 ChatGPT 翻译
